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Tuesday, June 28, 2016

Cameroon:Royal Family says Buea Traditional Council that “rejected” Essuka Endeley’s candidature is fake

By Christopher Ambe
 The faction of Likenya royal family that selected Robert Essuka Endeley as candidate for the throne of Buea Paramount Chieftaincy has alleged that the Buea Traditional Council that “rejected” their candidate is fake
     In swift reactions to an earlier report Buea Chieftaincy Succession: Kingmakers reject Esssuka Endeley's candidature by The Recorder about the refusal of the candidature of US-based Robert Essuka Endeley for the succession race by kingmakers and the Buea Traditional Council, some members of the Likenya family told The Recorder that their choice remains Robert Essuka and nobody else.
Late Chief SML Endeley
    Njoh Wose Likenye,a retired military officer, who spoke to The Recorder on phone Monday June 27, claiming to be the spokesman of the Likenya royal family, said “succession in Likenya royal family is hereditary but it does not automatically pass from father to son”, .He insisted that the royal family has chosen Robert Essuka Endeley to succeed the late Chief Endeley. “It is  only the Likenya Family that  can give a successor; no other person or authority is competent to do that”
   Some Kingmakers and notables of Buea in an enlarged Buea Royal Traditional Council Session on Sunday 26 June, had reportedly rejected the selection of Robert Essuka Endeley made a few weeks ago as candidate to succeed late Chief SML Endeley.
    Chief SML Endeley died in July 2015 at the age of 92 after serving as the Paramount ruler of the first- class chiefdom of Buea for 25 years.
Essuka’s candidature was said to have been rejected for allegedly not respecting required procedure.
   But Njoh Wose Likenye told The Recorder that the Dr.Humphrey Ekema Monono-led Buea Traditional Council is not recognized. According to him, when a chief dies his traditional council becomes useless until a new chief puts in place a new council.
 “The family is not answerable to the Traditional Council. As a family we owe no duty to report to the traditional council,”Njoh Wose said insistently, challenging the claim that the Likenya royal family was supposed to submit the name of their choice to the council apparently for vetting.
He said they have already submitted the candidature of Robert Essuka at the Fako SDO’s office and they are now only waiting for consultative talks.
Luma Stephen:Accuses Traditional Council Chair
  Also reacting, Mola Luma Stephen Njoke, member of the Buea traditional Council who did not attend the enlarged meeting, alleged that “Dr. Humphrey Monono unilaterally convened an enlarged traditional council without consulting the executive body of the Council. We see this as a move to destabilize the smooth transition to the throne of Buea chiefdom because the royal family had made their choice and forwarded such to the competent administrative authority as required by law; 13 kingmakers and 25 notables endorsed the choice of Robert Essuka Endeley.Let it be known that the traditional council is not above kingmakers and notables; that traditional council as per the law has no place in the putting in place of a successor to the throne. Mola Luma faulted the Chairman of the Buea Traditional Council for inviting outsiders to talk on Buea Royal issues
   Ndive Njoh Paul, another member of Buea Traditional Council, who attended the meeting, said it had a one-point agenda-being the succession of the Paramount Chief. He alleged that after the choice of Robert Essuka, they wrote to the chairman of the traditional Council and he replied, but would not call a meeting early enough for them to present their candidate.
”I am a member of the Traditional Council and a notable but we cannot challenge a decision of the royal family on their choice”, he told The Recorder. “The Buea town chieftaincy has never been father-to-son but house-to- house affair”
   For his part, Oscar Isuma Endeley, presenting himself to The Recorder as one of the kingmakers, said the family had lost several people in the past in connection with succession to the throne. “This royal family is not ready to shed any blood. We want a peaceful ascension to the throne of our choice Robert Essuka Endeley”, he said, adding the traditional council should facilitate and not create confusion. He said late Chief Endeley did not succeed his father, an apparent reference to speculation that one of the sons of late chief Endeley will likely succeed his father.





Monday, June 27, 2016

Buea Chieftaincy Succession: As Kingmakers reject Essuka Endeley’s candidature, Late Chief Endeley’s son likely to become heir

By Christopher Ambe
Kingmakers and notables of Buea have in an enlarged Buea Royal Traditional Council Session rejected the selection of Robert Essuka Endeley made a few weeks ago as candidate to succeed late Chief SML Endeley, who died in July 2015 at the age of 92 after serving as the Paramount ruler of the first- class chiefdom of Buea for 25 years, The Recorder has been reliably informed.
   The rejection decision was taken, Sunday June 26, during a unique royal traditional council session presided over by Dr. Humphrey Ekema Monono, chairman of Buea Traditional Council.
Late Chief  SML Endeley: who will succeed you?
   The crucial meeting was attended by kingmakers, notables, internal and external elite, matriarchs, and patriarchs of Buea, quarter heads, and some senior traditional rulers invited from some chiefdoms of Buea subdivision.
   According to our reliable sources, Essuka’s candidature was rejected for allegedly not respecting required procedure. It is still unclear whether if Essuka now follows the right procedure his candidature will be accepted. With Essuka having been knocked out, The Recorder gathered that one of late Chief Endeley’s sons is most likely to ascend to the throne.
It was a tense and stormy meeting from start to finish showing the camps that exist in the ruling Likenya Family.
   The Royal Traditional Council had reportedly asked the Likenya family to propose to them their candidate for the succession to the throne following the death last year, 7th July, 2015 of Chief SML Endeley.
   The Likenya family was given up 30th May, 2016 to make known their choice to the traditional council in order for the succession process to go on in earnest according to the Bakweri customs and traditions and in pursuance of the laid-down administrative procedure.
   Rather than the Likenya family complying by duly selecting and furnishing their choice to the traditional council, a faction of the family ,The Recorder gathered, hurriedly met and came up with Robert Essuka Endeley, as the man to take the throne.  
   Robert Essuka  Endeley is a US-based son of the late Dr. EML Endeley, the first premier of Southern Cameroons, who himself was never a chief.
  After the hasty arrangement, the faction of the Likenya family celebrated rapturously and gave the impression that their choice was final as they reportedly forwarded the name of their candidate to the administration for the rest of the succession process to unfold eventually.
   But the faction is said to have drawn sharp criticism for failing to report back to the traditional council which had called on them to designate a candidate for the scrutiny of the kingmakers before engaging the required administrative procedure.
   This informed the decision of the royal traditional council to convene an enlarged session Sunday, 26 June 2016 which was opened to the shakers and movers of the Buea dynasty.
Dr.Ekema Monono.
   In his opening remarks at the meeting, the chairman of the Buea Traditional council, Dr. Humphrey Ekema Monono, recalled that they had duly written to the Likenya Family for a candidate but the family had not formally given them their choice.  He underscored that the Likenya family cannot hold Buea hostage, saying that the dynasty is very distinguished in the traditional institution in Cameroon.
   He, as chief co-coordinator of the village’s affairs, implored the house to chart the way forward so that the first-class chiefdom of Buea does not remain vacant sine die.
  Moved by the power of the opening remarks, Mola Wose Njoh, a kingmaker of the village, said that according to the customs and traditions of the Bakweri tribe, succession is from father to son.  As such, he argued that since the late ruler left eligible sons, it was incumbent on the house to choose from among them as customs demand.
   He was corroborated by another speaker, Mola Loka, quarter head of Bonya Lyonga.  He insisted the Likenya family had shown unpardonable and uncautionable disrespect to the traditional council, so the traditional council should take the bull by the horns to give Buea its rightful leader without any further waste of time- so as not to show a rather bizarre image of Buea to the outside world.
   Immediately, the head of the Likenya family Mola Otto Endeley representing the estranged faction stood up to challenge and negate all what had been said.  He boasted that they received the letter of the traditional council and went ahead to make their selection but failed to state why they did not report back to the traditional council as required.
   As expected many voices rose in support of this or that camp and whether another selection should be made during the enlarged council session. 
  The procedure earlier taken was generally rubbished without reservation.  Even the invited traditional rulers frowned at the irregular conduct of the fractious Likenya family and pleaded that some more time be given to them to meet the traditional council and then make a choice that would be in conformity with the rules and in a peaceful manner.  They advised that since the late chief has able sons, it would not be necessary to bend the rules for a choice out of late Chief Endeley’s House.
   The kingmakers, notables and the traditional council then rejected the choice of Essuka Endeley as invalid for now, and ordered the ruling family to meet with the enlarged traditional council in another date to make known their choice.  The embarrassed faction of the Likenya family was dumbfounded and could not state when they would meet with the traditional council.
  No date was given for the next meeting between the Likenya family and the royal traditional council.                                                                              







Tuesday, June 14, 2016

Cameroon:Hon. Lord Justice Ayah hails SCNC for fighting against Illegality

Hon. Lord Justice Ayah Paul  Abine at press conference in Buea

By Christopher Ambe Shu
The National President of Popular Acton Party (formerly Peoples’ Action Party (PAP), Hon. Lordship Ayah Paul Abine, now Advocate-General at the Supreme Court, has commended the Southern Cameroons National Council, (SCNC), which is fighting for the restoration of the independence of Southern Cameroons, for its relentless fight against the falsehood that British Southern Cameroons ever legally joined La Republique du Cameroun to constitute what is today known as the Republic of Cameron.
    The outspoken Ayah was speaking at a press conference, June 11 ,at king David’s Hotel,  Buea ,convened by the PAP leadership  to address an alleged power tussle at the helm of the party that was registered in 1991 but only became active in 2011 when Hon. Ayah became its National President and later  the party’s presidential candidate ,emerging in the fifth position at  that year’s  election.
    Hon. Ayah, who insisted that he remains the legal and legitimate head of the Popular Action Party, despite an allegation that he has been replaced as head of the party, in response to a question about his opinion about the SCNC,said: “
I must congratulate the SCNC for fighting illegality. As I have said time and again, there is no legal document that British Southern Cameroon ever joined La Republique du Cameroun”
    He, however, castigated the SCNC which, he said, is fighting a genuine cause in law and history rather in dispersed ranks yet asking him to become its president.
   The super scale magistrate also clarified the doubt of some journalists by saying that there is no law that restricts him as a Supreme Court advocate-general from becoming a political party leader

How PAP became a reality
Hon. Ayah noted that “People’s Action Party (now Popular Action Party) saw the light of day by expediency. The idea materialized on the heels of the arrest and remand in prison custody of Barrister Yondo Black and others for wanting to launch a political party in defiance of the one-party system President Ahidjo had imposed.  “The international community did cry foul against President Paul Biya’s New Deal government! In their characteristic falsehood, the New Deal denied that Mr. Yondo Black and others were being held in prison custody for wanting to launch a political party. They asserted that the Cameroonian law allowed for a multi-party system.
   “Availing himself of the New Deal nervous entanglement, Mr. John Fru Ndi quickly issued a communiqué that (since the Cameroonian law allowed for multi-parties), he had formed a political party – the Social Democratic Front, (SDF) - and that he would be launching it on May 26, 1990…
    Ayah Paul Abine immediately met Mr. John Ndahne of Radio Buea and the duo reviewed the prevailing national political situation and its repercussion on the Southwest Province as it then was. They agreed that the Southwest Province was most vulnerable from its disunity and cosmopolitan composition, with the consequence that it was going to be fertile ground for political hawks. Its protection therefore lay in the province belonging to a political party that would speak in the name of the province so as to forestall alien political hawks catching the Southwestern people as weak, defenseless individuals… A few more meetings led to the founding of People’s Action Party – PAP…
    “As civil servant in active service, John Ndahne and Ayah could not be at the forefront of the party, particularly in the face of the hostile prevailing contemporary political circumstances. Getting someone in the cloak of Yondo Black was absolutely indispensable. Then did it occur to Ayah that some brilliant, courageous and knowledgeable professor, Victor Mukwelle Ngoh, had taught Ayah Land Law in the University of Cameroon at Yaounde in the seventies. Convinced he did meet the prerequisites, Ndahne and Ayah invited Professor Ngoh from Kumba without disclosing the object of the invitation…
    When fully appraised and possessed of the design, Professor Ngoh was overwhelmed by our “bestowing confidence in (his) humble person”, and did express his gratitude superabundantly… He however did not register the party until April, 1991… Few can contest the incontrovertible fact that, apart from occupying the seat of one of the rapporteurs generaux at the Tripartite Talks some two years later, PAP never came to prominence even in Meme Division. Nor did it seriously impact even the entire Kumba town! The situation was all the worse after Professor Ngoh had died in a motor accident in Nigeria…
   “All the same, Ayah could find no better refuge than the political umbrella that was his brainchild. And so did Ayah seek for a place in PAP when he resigned from CPDM in 2010. In the fallacy that PAP was part of the estate of late Professor Ngoh, the family held the registration certificate of the party close to their chest until Ayah agreed in writing to some dictates under the auspices of some national frontbencher of the party from Limbe…
    “A few months later, however, PAP national officials annulled the document in a resolution of May 14, 2011, that was signed, inter alia, by a prominent member of Ngoh’s family. Even without any such annulment, the said document was bad at law and contrary to public policy as a political party is defined by Cameroonian law as an association.
   “An association is a group of persons managed by a smaller group of members freely chosen by the association. No particular member or group of members has appropriated interest that can be bequeathed upon demise… Any theory that PAP is the property of late Professor Ngoh’s estate that can be hired; pledged and redeemed; or sold absolutely or on terms is merely fantastic and based on misinformation or uninformed miscalculations…
    “The long and short of it is that Ayah eventually became the head of PAP. Acutely pressed by time, Ayah had to move absolutely quickly so as to post PAP before Cameroonians in reality and in their dreams. Within days, meetings were holding weekly here; daily there; and every other day elsewhere! That went not without pecuniary consideration. Expenses multiplied several times over in the fortnight of Ayah declaring his candidacy for the upcoming 2011 presidential election that was just six months away. Party cards were produced in tens of thousands. Radio and television interviews held weekly on the average. Hundreds of thousands of propaganda cards as SMS went to all the four corners of Cameroon. Not any less mufflers, t-shirts, manifestos, magazines! Musicians were sponsored and PAP music rent the air nationwide. CDs and PAP soap were extensively distributed far and wide for free…
    “And here was the most curious! Apart from one or two other members of the party, Ayah Paul sponsored everything singlehandedly – at 90% at the least! That was not surprising though: the bulk of the members of the party were students, the unemployed youths, and the rural peasant masses! But then came what looked like a very welcome relief: an invitation from PAP North America for Ayah to visit the United States of America in June, 2011. Immeasurable sacrifices were made by devoted men and women for the trip! Aside from a free round trip by air of course, the visit was entirely sponsored. Ayah visited Washington, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware, Atlanta, Chicago… But Ayah subsequently had to send money to the main organizer in order to bail her out of expenses incurred.

Ayah justifies use of party funds
“By the time Ayah was to be formally invested as a presidential candidate, Ayah’s saving account had been wholly depleted. Loans were obtained at 360% interest rate per annum; even from some viable members of the party. There was such inescapable compulsion! The caution fee alone was 5 million francs. And for a presidential election, before Ayah was the huge country to be covered. Some journalist even called Ayah “Penniless Ayah”. Yet was the campaign aggressive, thorough and unprecedented! The mere fact that Ayah came 5th speaks volumes for the honest. Only the unreasonable, the biased and imbeciles would want Ayah to dwell on the obvious: how one could cover the national territory with the mere sum of 15 million that was given before the poll! Really so curious!
    “Obviously, by the time the remaining 15 million came, Ayah was in messy debts – having received less than 150.000 from internal friends and supporters; and under 500.000 from friends and admirers abroad! Even as only a tiny percentage of the debts could be serviced, a team of national officials of the party undertook a “thank you” tour of Ayah’s strongholds. The team visited Kwakwa, Mundemba, Mbonge, Kumba, Konye, Manyemen, Nguty, Ebunji, Tombel, Ngusi, Nyassoso, Bangem, Allou, Menji, Bakebe, Tinto, Tali, Ndekwai, Ossing, Kembong, Mamfe, Eyumojock, Ekok, Kajifu, Mukonyong, Akwa, Ballin, Mavas, Akwaya… All these trips were sponsored virtually entirely from the 15 million…
    Seriously speaking, does it not beat the imagination that the state gives money to a candidate for campaign and some officious bystanders arrogate to themselves the prerogative to demand to know how the money was spent? Is it not all the more facetious and wholly ridiculous that someone has the effrontery to make such demand where the candidate performs so spectacularly well in the manner of Ayah’s resounding performance? … Seriously, every person of unsound mind would know that only the giver reserves the right to demand an account!

    The 'power tussle'
“The question then is who are those making noise in Kumba? It is clear that they are only hungry boys seeking to secure public compassion. And this to do, they have secured the complicity of some quacks passing for journalists. But how else can one explain it? No career journalist, much less a professional one, would publish such trash as three miserable individuals calling a press conference and purporting to expel a member from the party, let alone when such member is the head of that party. Are party decisions, especially momentous decisions like such that terminate one’s membership, taken at press conferences; and by three ordinary members of a party? … A journalist once said that the sun shines above and on earth journalists. That is at variance with what obtains nowadays, the has brought journalism to such abysmal disrepute. Cameroonian journalism, they name is mediocrity!
    "Let it be known to all men and women that the hungry boys in Kumba who are only crying over spilt milk have long been expelled from People’s Action Party. The least the present party leadership would do in their maturity and compassionate disposition is to reconsider their decision should those misguided boys repent and borrow a leaf from the prodigal son.

Change of party name and hungry Kumba boys
“As of now, People’s Action Party is known as and called Popular Action Party with His Lordship Ayah Paul Abine as the sole legal and legitimate national president. In keeping with the law in force, the change of name and the general current status of the party have been notified to the relevant Cameroonian institutions. And so it is!
    “Some confounded journalist did make mention of the annual funding of political parties. The most one can say is that, to the best of our knowledge, belief and information, no one party in contemporary Cameroon has made a statement of accounts to the press. For our purpose, the PAP constitution has laid down rules on how such issues have to be dealt with. We do not propose to depart from those constitutional provisions. The hungry boys of Kumba may wish to join the fold and follow due process for the purpose of obtaining any such information.
    It can only be added that we learnt our lesson during the 2013 municipal and parliamentary elections when “prominent” members of the party could not raise as little as 50.000 francs for their candidacies at the municipal election. We do not propose to surrender to blackmail from whatever source for the purpose of gratifying those very persons who do desert us in times of election in favour of lands flowing with milk and honey elsewhere. Permit us to borrow the common saying that the first fool is not a fool.”

Friday, June 3, 2016

Book Review “Nico Halle as I know Him”: Thrilling views on a legal & moral icon

By Douglas A. Achingale*
The immediate feeling one has upon reading the above-mentioned title is that the book was penned by a single author. Far from it. It is a conflation of write-ups and interviews churned out in English and French by a cross-section of Cameroonian elite whose lives Ntumfor Barrister Nico Halle has impacted in different ways and in no small measure, during 30 years of his practice of the legal profession within and beyond the territorial tethers of the Cameroonian triangle. Each looks at the legal colossus from their own individual perspective, yet their views so easily intertwine and dovetail to the extent of forming a unified and harmonious whole.
    This, the contents of the text suggest, is because in whatever Nico Halle does and wherever he finds himself, he does not preach virtue and practise vice. Be it in the law court, in his office, in church, at home, or in the street, the illustrious son of Awing in the North West region stands for the truth and shames the devil.    
     Divided into ten chapters of unequal lengths, the beautifully bound 310-page book, to be more precise, carries the honest and cogent views of Nico Halle’s family and filial relations, his colleagues of the noble profession, distinguished academics and scholars, faithful servants of God, politicians and opinion leaders, journalists, civil society actors, members of the business community, as well as other professionals of goodwill.
   That is not all. The last 68 pages consist not only of colourful and telling photos of the hero and other eminent Cameroonian personalities (including the lovely members of his immediate family) but also an avalanche of awards that Nico Halle has earned over the years, thanks to his selfless and unparalleled contribution to nation building.
     Why this publication?
   But why this book? Teneng Lucas Chefor, the coordinating editor, attempts an answer in an introductory section titled “Justification”, when he writes, inter alia: “…My first encounter with Ntumfor Nico Halle [in 2001] had a magnetic grip on me, as I keenly watched him meticulously articulate fearlessly on a variety of burning issues, especially issues considered by many as taboo. I Immediately made up my mind that this was somebody whose life should be chronicled and documented for others to emulate for the betterment of society and for posterity…I decided to embark on compiling this book for two main reasons: I wanted first and foremost to break from the tradition of almost always writing memorable things about people only when they are no longer living; and secondly to seize the opportunity…to give encouragement to Ntumfor…”  (P. 6-7).
    Somehow, veteran journalist, Peter Essoka, fuels Chefor’s justification when he says in the foreword: “[Nico Halle] is like a morning star against a background of darkness from where he emanates light. He is one who has from his actions rejected the darkness and undercurrents of the world around him. Nico Halle is outspoken against what is wrong and he is projected as being fearless and progressive…From his utterances, this international legal consultant has always stood for the truth, for goodness and wholesomeness. He is an advocate for justice, for love, and for being each other’s keeper…I cannot tell whether he was born great, achieved greatness or had greatness thrust upon him. Nico Halle is a juxtaposition of all of these.” (P. 9).
    It is in this same line of thinking that Solomon and Mercy Azoh-Mbi, who crafted the editorial, refer to the urbane and benignant Ntumfor as the “the river between”. To them, “There is a river between him. Many boats have navigated its course, many have fished in its waters, arid lands have been irrigated by its refreshing and life-giving waters of charity and largesse, and grid lines have been connected from his powerhouse of moral and intellectual energies…” (P. 13).   
   Other eloquent testimonies
The book is equally suffused with eloquent testimonies of Nico Halle being a caring and loving husband and father who always wants the best for his family. These views are given by his wife and offspring who are also unanimous on the point that he is an implacable disciplinarian who will not spoil the child by sparing the rod. This, without doubt, is why all four kids and their mum are success stories today, just like the punctilious Ntumfor himself.
   Yes, the path on which Nico Halle treads is strewn more with roses than thorns, on account of the virtuous and altruistic life he lives. However, humility and modesty would not permit him to boastfully count his blessings one by one. Reason why he chooses to celebrate the pearl jubilee of his legal practice on the theme “thirty years of challenges with God in thanksgiving.”
Hear him in this breath-taking interview conducted by Joe Dinga Pefok: “…What man considers achievement, success, or whatever is his or her perception. God’s own assessment is different. To me, all that people consider as successes, achievements or accomplishments are in fact challenges. Every blessing that comes to you is a challenge. What we call righteousness is filthy rags before God – Isaiah 64:6…” (P. 28).
     This review would be transformed into a tedious screed if I were to give nuggets of information on all the contributions of the eminent personalities and fine brains which make up this stupendous volume. That is, the views of people of timber and calibre such as Rt. Rev. Fonki Samuel Forba, Rev. Humphery Tatah Mbuy, Minister Elung Paul Che, Gov. Lele Lafrique, Chairman John Fru Ndi, Charly Ndi Chia, Fai Yengho Francis, Barrister Ben Muna, Prof. Elvis Ngolle Ngolle, Rev. Prof. Anyambod Emmanuel, Prof. Tazoacha Asonganyi, Prof. Willibroad Dze Ngwa, Barrister Harmony Bobga, Mayor Francis Wache, Barrister Henry Kemende, Prof. Vincent Titanji, Prof. Paul Nkwi, Ndansi Elvis Nukam, Adolf Mongo Dipoko, Chief Zachee Nzoh Ngandembouh, and a host of others.
    What is striking about these personalities is that they come from different regions and ethnic groups of the country, are from different walks of life, and have different religious backgrounds as well as varied shades of opinion. All of which is proof of one comforting reality: that Ntumfor Nico Halle is a national figure whose personality cuts across tribal, professional, religious and party lines.
The review would however be incomplete if I, being a poet myself, do not quote from some mellifluous lines of terse verse scribbled by writer, educationist and politician, Tasi Ntang Lucas. Says he:
“Thirty years’ practice for Halle is time well spent
Since, no matter a good idea/ man
Dynamics makes improvement mandatory
For today to be better than yesterday
And tomorrow to go for excellence” (P. 96)  
Indeed, Ntumfor may be said to be gunning for excellence. But what is certain is that he has already attained much, quite much, of it. For even the deaf will hear his story as told by “Nico Halle as I Know Him”. He has been able to attain this excellence despite his very humble beginnings. For, he is the son of a poor pastor whose only crime for not being elevated to the rank of Reverend Pastor was that he was undeservedly blackmailed and persecuted. Many also persecute and blackmail Ntumfor to this day. But as a thinker once put it, “a man may think he is buried in darkness; he is, in fact, only planted.” That is why, in spite of all the hurdles and impediments on his way, Nico Halle has been so resilient as to germinate and grow into the blooming and blossoming tree that he is today…a tree adorned with glowingly bewitching and alluring flowers of many colours!
Go, Ntumfor, go! The sky is not your limit; it is indeed your springboard!
*Douglas A. Achingale is a social worker, poet and researcher in the literatures at the University of Yaounde 1. Talk back on havocslord@yahoo.co.uk

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